https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bog_iron
"Europeans developed iron smelting from bog iron during the Pre-Roman Iron Age of the 5th/4th–1st centuries BCE, and most iron of the Viking Age (late first millennium CE) was smelted from bog iron."
"Bog iron dominated the iron production of Norse populated areas, including Scandinavia and Finland, from 500 to 1300 CE. Large scale production of bog iron was also established in Iceland at sites known as "iron farms". Smaller scale production sites in Iceland consisted of large farmsteads and some original Icelandic settlements, but these seemed to only produce enough iron to be self-sufficient. Even after improved smelting technology made mined ores viable during the Middle Ages, bog ore remained important into modern times, particularly in peasant iron production."
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