Space Wolves' "antagonists"

• Dark Angels vs. Space Wolves - One of the most famous rivalries in the Imperium, the tension between these two Chapters dates back to the time of the Great Crusade and the brawls that their primarchs -- Lion El'Jonson and Leman Russ -- would engage in. While the two Chapters may not always get along, they actually possess a great deal of respect for one another and this rivalry is closer to competing brothers than anything else. The feud also extends to the Unforgiven Successor Chapters of the Dark Angels and any Space Wolves they may serve with in the Deathwatch.
• Space Wolves vs. Blood Ravens - The Space Wolves have a long history, dating back to the Great Crusade and the Edicts of Nikaea, of distrusting what they view as sorcery, and the highly psychic Blood Ravens Chapter has drawn their ire on more than one occasion. During the Battle of Praximil VIII, the Blood Ravens' reliance on Librarian intervention to oust the psyker leader of the Renegades entrenched there sent their Space Wolves allies into a fury. The Wolf Lord who fought at their side believed the use of psychic tactics to be dishonourable and he made this known to the Blood Ravens' force commander with a well-placed punch.
• Space Wolves vs Inquisition (including Grey Knights and Red Hunters) - "The Months of Shame" civil war

• Chaos Marines
• Thousands Sons

• Xenos
• Tyranids
• Orks
• Kolobite - Captain Cestus of the Ultramarines was fighting alongside the Space Wolves on Carthis against the Kolobite xenos.
• Dark Eldar - Fist of Demetrius
• Eldar
• Eldar Harlequins
• Necrons
• T'au

• Civilians who are against the Imperium
• (I don't remember exact story title or planet name but) Space Wolves helped civilians fight for their freedom but when civilians got their freedom they didn't join the Imperium - so Space Wolves went against their former brothers-in-arms.

https://www.reddit.com/r/40kLore/comments/f60ohs/about_the_treatment_of_civilians_by_space_marines/?rdt=59792

Generally of the most well known chapters the Salamanders will sacrifice the most for civilians. The Space Wolves treat civilians well and try to protect them just not to the degree that the Salamanders do. As for the others it varies greatly. Chapters like the Marines Malevolent and the Charcarodons will kill civilians if they get in there way or if doing so will complete their mission more efficiently. Most just don’t care all that much about them one way or the other though.